Notions

• genocide

  plan aimed at totally or partially destroying an arbitrarily determined group, either by harming the life of its members, or by seriously affecting their physical or mental integrity, or by subjecting them to conditions of existence which should lead to their disappearance, either by obstructing births, or, finally, by removing children to transfer them to another group. (Truche, 1993)

  Shoah means "catastrophe" in Hebrew. The term refers to the killing of nearly 6 million European Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II. The term Holocaust, more commonly used in Anglo-Saxon countries designates this genocide; it means in Greek “sacrifice by fire” (Shoah memorial, 2020) –

  Truche,1993 & mémorial de la Shoah

• gender identity

  it must be distinguished from sexual orientation, which refers to sexual and / or emotional attraction to people of the same sex (homosexuality), of the opposite sex (heterosexuality) or indifferently to one or the other other sex (bisexuality). A trans person can thus be homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual

  DILCRAH, 2020

• Gender fluid

  a person whose gender varies over time. This category escapes the male-female divide. The French equivalent (in any case its translation) remains to be invented, for example the use of the neutral pronoun ("iel")

  Le Monde, 2019

• general interest

   “Daily experience shows that particular interests are most often conflicting and that the pre-established harmony of interests is only wishful thinking. The theorists of liberal thought do not consider that the market has the answer to everything and constitutes the only way to the general interest. A coalition of singular interests, which most often privileges the imperatives of the short term, does not allow, in a spontaneous way, to identify at the same time the economic optimum and the social optimum. If it were limited to the simple combination of particular interests, the general interest would most often only be the expression of the most powerful interests, the concern for freedom taking precedence over that for equality. Under penalty of leading to an impasse, the democracy of the individual is thus led to rediscover the need for a general interest integrating particular interests. This process involves mediation by the State, the only one capable, not only of achieving, when necessary, the synthesis between the interests expressed within civil society, but of helping to overcome categorical selfishness and take into account the interests of future generations. Only a general interest thus conceived is in fact capable of bringing to the management of public affairs the coherence necessary to maintain, and if possible strengthen, the social bond. "

  Conseil d’Etat, 1998

• general revision of public policies (RGPP)

  an entirely new name and not very explicit at first glance, which marked a break with the reform of the State, which, itself, replaced during the 1990s modernization and administrative reform. The method characterizes the RGPP, it is "more a reform procedure than a reform stricto sensu". It has several distinctive aspects such as the level of decision, the participants in the development of the device and the conduct of the project. "State reform is now a policy controlled by Bercy." More generally, it consists of "three circles of innovators" - a double "political" network and a "financial" network which reflect the diversity of its objectives which are diverse, evolving and not always very clear. There are two main axes: a fairly traditional policy of reforming the administration completed and a newer budgetary vision. A more innovative human resources management is one of the main characteristics of the RGPP

  Lafarge et Le Clainche, 2010

• ghettos -

  means of "circumscribing the minority fact" on a territory, with the objective of "fixing in the place to make the most of it" minorities, generally religious, by taxation and to benefit from their effectiveness in scholarly fields and long-distance exchanges. This minority is tolerated with relative freedom of worship in a given area of ​​assignment on condition that it has a first-rate economic dimension, of interest to the whole. The "minority presence" is often linked to a different religious practice; the most illuminating examples are those of Germany or Italy which built the first "ghettos" for the Jewish community during the Renaissance and the Catholic Counter-Reformation.

  Raulin, 2007

• Global Citizen or Citizen of the World

  a person demonstrating intercultural competence with its active, interactive and participatory dimension, capable of building common projects, ready to assume shared responsibilities and to create common ground for living together in peace; demonstrate democratic citizenship in and act in a culturally diverse world

  Huber & Reynolds, 2014

• Global cities

  it refers to the economic measure of world command, while “world city” evokes historical and cultural aspects. The Global Cities Working Group of the Geography Department of Loughborough University (UK) calls them “world / global city” to integrate city-to-city relations into the study of global cities

  Cynthia Ghorra-Gobin, 2007