Managing conflict is inherent in managing diversity. In times of social, economic and political crisis, multicultural societies have come under severe attack and multiculturalism has been questioned while it is an essential characteristic of post-industrial or post-modern societies with free movement people and the exchanges that allowed economies to grow. The selected definitions are sometimes borrowed from the military register because the strategy was initially "the art of war"; the warrior vocabulary is often used by decision-makers (politicians, business leaders, or sports officials). International conflicts affect clichés and stereotypes at an individual or institutional level. Some conflicts are inherited from the past - the war of memories has become a sensitive subject. Current conflicts are often indirect, in a changing universe characterized by the emergence of illiberal countries, hostile to diversity, which wage an image war against democratic societies, guarantors of pluralism, freedom of expression and diversity, sometimes lacking. These multifaceted conflicts must be identified and explained in order to be able to react.
There are several strategies for solving a conflict situation, which one usually did not create, or which one has inherited. It is  necessary to identify in a first place the actors involved and their motivations, then to analyze the balance of power to finally consider a strategy, an action plan with several scenarios. Inspired by the theory of organizations, typologies of conflicts, and modes of reaction (or repost) are suggested. These methods or strategies are used by different actors (individuals, organizations, States…) to be convincing. A feature of 21st century conflicts is that they are fueled by disinformation that has taken on unprecedented proportions with social media. It takes the form of massive and aggressive campaigns that attack all forms of diversity and target minorities. What is at stake is a 2.0 war or cyber warfare that  has to be clearly identified to implement actions when you are a decision maker. Democratic societies, with the help of international organizations, whistleblower associations and the support of serious media, are combating this disinformation often fed by state agencies with serious information and targeted responses.
Disinformation campaigns or “infodemics” have multiplied with Brexit (United Kingdom, 2016), the American presidential elections (United States, 2016 and 2020) or the coronavirus pandemic (with the “savior” strategy, 2020) . Lies are no longer seen as handicaps in a post-truth era where winning at all costs is important. To defend diversity, it is necessary to know how to thwart all the "2.0" pitfalls by fully understanding the mechanisms at work using concrete examples as meaningful "case studies".